When an
object has more protons than electrons, the object has a positive charge. But
when the object has more electrons than protons, the object has a negative
charge. Through heating, the protons and electrons of an atom could be even out
again.
Grounding is a method used to remove
the excess electrons from an object to make it neutral (discharged), by
connecting an object to the earth by using a wire or other conductor material(metal). So the electrons are moving
down to earth straight away. If an object has a positive charge so the electron
from the earth move upward to neutrals excess positive charge object to become neutral (substance). This method that we use to avoid from electric
shock case that will happen to us when
we touch an object that’s not neutral (contain excess electric charge), and also this method will safe our electric equipment damage by
electric shock. It will make our electric equipment will have longer age to
use.
Charging through induction is the process
where an item is charged without touching each other. This could happen by
taking a negatively charged item and moving it to one of 2 sphere balls on an
insulating stand(this is necessary because the ground neutralizes charges), the
neutral charged sphere will move to the other charged sphere due to the
negative charge repelling from the balloon's negative charge. The negative
charge of the sphere will move to the other sphere, the two spheres will then
become opposite charges.
The same thing happens when the
balloon is positively charged but instead of sphere 1 losing its negative
charge, its sphere 2 who loses it. Another way of explaining induction is when
a magnet is pushed in and out of a metal coil, the metal coil will be charged
and can be hooked up to a light. The speed of the push and pull, the magnet's
power and the coil's number of spiral play a big role in this. The more of the
above is present, the more electricity will generate.
Charging by friction is a process when the
electrons move from an object to another object. This process happens when you
rub two objects with different materials together. Since the two objects have
different materials, the atoms hold their electrons with different strengths
and abilities
For example, you rub a glass rod with a silk. At
first, the two objects are neutral and they have the same amount of electrons
and protons. Since the glass rod loose their electrons easily, the electrons
move to the silk and the silk becomes negative charged. The silk now contain
more electrons than the glass rod.
Another example is when you rub your hair with a rubber balloon. The electrons in the hair moved to the rubber balloon so then, the hair is attached with the balloon because two of the objects have different charges.
How is electrical charge transferred by friction?
Actually, electrical charge is not created by rubbing two objects. Its only electrons which are transferred from one object to another.
Charging by conduction is done when
a charged object comes in contact with a neutral one, and a transfer of
electrons occur between the two. Upon receiving the electrons from the charged
object, there will be a change in the charge of the neutral object.
A charged object consists of only
one type of charge, either a negative one or a positive one. If an object
consists of both, it is considered neutral. Upon understanding that like
charges repel and have the need to spread further away from each other, you
should know that the farthest that they are able to travel to, is only within
the space of the object. You should also know that the electrons in a charged
object are more tightly packed than those in a neutral object. So if a path to
a neutral object becomes available, these electrons will cross it in order to find
more free space. By moving from the charged space to the neutral one, the
electrons have affected the neutral state of charge, therefore causing the
neutral object to become charged as well.
Charging by
Conduction Using a Negatively Charged Object
When conduction charging is done
by a negatively charged object, the charged object consists of excess electrons.
When the charged object comes in contact
with the neutral object, these excess electrons will travel to the neutral
space, causing the neutral object to also become negatively charged.
Charging by Conduction
Using a Positively Charged Object
When conduction charging is done
by a positively charges object, the same process occurs, except there is an
excess number of protons instead of electrons. These excess protons, when in
contact with a neutral object, will be transferred to the neutral space,
causing it to become positively charged.
